Ukufunyanwa nokusetyenziswa kwegrafu ye-flake, kukho isithembiso esirekhodiweyo, xa incwadi yesiShuijing Zhu yayingowokuqala, nto leyo eyathi "kukho intaba yegrafu ecaleni koMlambo iLuoshui". Amatye aMnyama, ke iincwadi zinokuba yi-Sparse, ngoko ke zidume ngegrafu yazo. "Iziphumo zezinto zakudala zibonisa ukuba kwangoko kwiminyaka engama-3 000 eyadlulayo kwi-shang dynasty, i-china isetyenziswe i-graphoesy ye-qysty (i-AD 180). I-Flake igrafu njenge-oyile, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi "carbon".
Igama lesiNgesi legrafu livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi "igrafu ku", elithetha "ukubhala". Yabizwa ngokuba nguChemist waseJamani kunye ne-Agogo yeAgnwer kwi-1789.
Ifomula yemolekyuli yegrafu ye-flake igraphite yi-c kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli yayo yi-12.01. Igrafu yendalo yintsimbi emnyama kunye nentsimbi engwevu, enemivalo emnyama eqaqambileyo, i-metallic luster kunye ne-opacity. Ikristale yeyakwiklasi yeklasi ye-hexagonal ye-hexagonal biconical, eyikristali ye-hexagonal plates. Iifom eziqhelekileyo ze-Eleecx zibandakanya ukupakisha kabini kwicala le-biconalical kunye ne-hexagonal biconucal kunye ne-hexagonal ye-hexagonal, kodwa ifomu ye-crystal engalunganga inqabile, kwaye i-Scaly Scaly okanye i-Scale ebiweyo okanye ipleyiti. Iiparamitha: i-A0 = 0.24NM, C0 = 0.670nm yesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo, kwaye i-carbon ye-carbon idityaniswe ngokulinganayo nekharbon nganye, kwaye i-carbon nganye ilungiselelwe nge-hexagon riser ringser. I-hexagonal rings yekharbon kwi-therbon kwindawo ephezulu neyezantsi ye-over-ishenxisiwe kwi-Mesh Fetralel kwaye emva koko yafaka inkqubo yenkunkuma. Imikhombandlela eyahlukeneyo kunye nomgama wokufuduka kukhokelela kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zepolymorphic. Umgama phakathi kwee-atom zekhabhoni kwindawo ephezulu nangaphantsi inkulu kakhulu kunelo phakathi kwe-atom yekhabhoni kwi-atom efanayo (i-CC Spieds] 2.09-2.23 Ubuninzi obuthile kunye ne-5-10m2 / g indawo ethile yomhlaba. Ubunzima yi-anisotropic, inqwelomoya ethe nkqo yi-3-5, kunye nendiza ye-pirallel bleage yi-1-2. I-Aggregates ihlala isyly, isithambiso kunye nomhlaba. I-phydite flake ineendlela zokuhamba ngombane kunye ne-shirmal. Iingqushu zemikhosi zihlala ziphantsi kwe-opaque entywila, iiflethi ezinqabileyo kakhulu ziluhlaza, i-Uniaxial, inesalathiso sokwenza i-1.93 ~ 2.07. Ngaphantsi kokukhanya, bakukhanya brown-grey, nge-Mures, i-RIG nge-Brown, i-Blogy Row, i-Right Rem, i-Right Reb, i-Right Rogn, iRed), i-Red), ukuHlola okuQhelekileyo, ukuHlola ngobuqili kunye nokulinganisa. Iimpawu zokuchonga: I-Iron Mnyama, ubunzima obukhulu, iqela leCouccouvage egqibeleleyo, bhetyebhetye, ukuziva phule, kulula ukubeka izandla. Ukuba i-ZINC AMALUNGISELELO SOKUXELWA KWESICEMOLO SESIQINISEKISO SESIQINISEKISO SOKUGQIBELA KWI-GRAPITE, amabala obhedi nge-metallic anokupheliswa, ngelixa iMolybdenite ifana nayo ayinayo.
Igrafu yi-Lalbon yekharbon (abanye abantu ababandakanyeka kwidayimane, i-carbon 60, i-carbon natbon natbon yeatom nganye ye-carbon (kwaye i-raphene) ye-atom nganye ye-carbon (i-hexagons ye-hexagons icwangciswe kwimolekyuli yenyosi. Kuba i-atom nganye ikhupha i-elektroni, ezi zombane zinokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, ke igrafu yegrafu ngumqhubi wombane. Inqwelomoya ecocekileyo ilawulwa ziibhondi zemolekyuli, ezinobuthathaka kwiimolekyuli, ke ukubeleka kwendalo kulungile. Ngenxa yendlela ekhethekileyo ye-flake igrafu, asinakucinga ukuba i-flake igrafu ayitshatanga okanye i-polycrystal. Ngoku ithathelwa ingqalelo ukuba igrafu ye-flake luhlobo lwekristale exutywe.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-04 ukuya ku-022