Ngokuqondene nokutholwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-flake graphite, kunecala elibhalwe kahle, lapho incwadi uShiijing Zhu ingeyesiko sokuqala, esathi "kukhona intaba ephethwe nguLuoshei". Amadwala wonke amnyama, ngakho-ke izincwadi zingavikeleka, ngakho-ke zidume ngegrafu yazo. "Ukutholwa kwemivubukulo kukhombisa lokho ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-3 000 edlule ku-SHAng Dynasty, China wasebenzisa i-graphite ukubhala izinhlamvu ze-qing tobacco (ad 1821-1850), abalimi e-Chenzhou, isifundazwe saseHunan simbiwe I-graphite njengophethiloli, owabizwa ngokuthi "i-carbon yamafutha".
Igama lesiNgisi le-graphite livela egameni lesiGreki elithi "graphite ku", okusho ukuthi "ukubhala". Yaqanjwa ngamakhemikhali aseJalimane kanye ne-Minerogist Agewerner ngo-1789.
Ifomula ye-molecular yesisindo se-flake ingu-C futhi isisindo sayo samangqamuzana singu-12.01. I-Graphite yemvelo i-Iron Black ne-Steel Grey, enezinto ezimnyama ezimnyama, i-luster yensimbi kanye ne-opacity. Ikristalu ingeyesigaba sezinhlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-hexagonal biconical amakristalu, okuyizinhlamvu ze-hexagonal Plate. Amafomu ajwayelekile we-Simplex afaka phakathi amakholomu ahlanganiswe kabili, ama-hexagonal biconical kanye ne-hexaconical, kepha ifomu le-crystal liyivelakancane, futhi ngokuvamile linesikali noma sepuleti. Amapharamitha: A0 = 0.246NM, c0 = 0.670nm isakhiwo esijwayelekile, lapho ama-athomu e-carbon ahlelwe khona ngokulinganayo nekhabhoni eseduze, nekhabhoni engxenyeni ngayinye ihlelwe ngendandatho ye-hexagonal. Izindandatho ze-hexagonal zekhabhoni ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingaphansi eziseduze zisuswe endleleni ngokuhambisana nendiza ye-mesh bese zigxile ukuze zakhe isakhiwo esibekiwe. Imikhombandlela ehlukile namabanga okufudumeza kuholela ezinhlanganweni ezihlukile ze-polymorphic. Ibanga phakathi kwama-athomu e-carbon ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nengaphansi likhulu kakhulu kunalokho phakathi kwama-athomu e-carbon kungqimba elifanayo (i-CC spaceding ezingxenyeni ezithile zezendlalelo = 0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 Amandla adonsela phansi athile kanye ne-5-10M2 / g indawo ethize engaphezulu. Ubulukhuni yi-anisotropic, indiza ye-cleavage eqonde mpo ngu-3-5, kanye nendiza ehambisanayo ye-cleavage ingu-1-2. Ama-aggregates ajwayele ukunamathela, okuphoqelekile kanye nomhlaba. I-Graphite Flake inokusebenza okuhle kagesi nokwenziwa okushisayo. Ama-Flakes amaminerali ngokuvamile afakwa ngaphansi kokukhanya okudluliselwe, ama-flakes amancanyana kakhulu alula aluhlaza okotshani - grey, engaqondakali, enenkomba eyi-1.93 ~ 2.07. Ngaphansi kokukhanya okuboniswe, zimpunga ezikhanyayo, ezinesibonakaliso esibonakalayo, i-RO empunga ngombala onsundu, ukumboza i-ro23 (ebomvu), umbala obonakalayo (obomvu), umbala obonakalayo, u-heterogeneity onamandla. Izici Zokuhlonza: I-Iron Black, Hardness ephansi, iqembu le-Cleavage ephelele, ukuguquguquka, umuzwa oshelelayo, okulula ukuwaza izandla. Uma izinhlayiya ze-zinc zimama nge-zethusi sulfate solution zibekwe ku-graphite, izikhala zethusi zensimbi zingabanjwa, kanti u-molybdente ufana nalo awunakusabela.
I-Graphite yi-allotrope ye-carbon elemental (amanye ama-allotropes afaka idayimane, i-carbon 60, i-carbon nanotubes kanye ne-grapheny ye-athomu ngalinye le-carbon (ubuningi bama-hexagon ahlelwe ngesimo sezinyosi) ukwakha ama-molecule avusa uju. Njengoba i-atom ye-carbon ngayinye ikhipha i-elektroni, lawo ma-elektroni angahamba ngokukhululeka, ngakho-ke i-flake graphite ingumqhubi kagesi. Indiza ye-Cleavage ibuswa ama-molecular bond, anokuheha okubuthakathaka kuma-molecule, ngakho ukufuya kwalo ngokwemvelo kuhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yendlela ekhethekile yokubopha i-flake graphite, asikwazi ukucabanga ukuthi i-flake graphite iyi-crystal eyodwa noma i-polycrystal. Manje kuvame ukubhekwa ukuthi i-flake graphite uhlobo lwekristalu elixubile.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-04-2022